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What type of washer is used to distribute the load of a fastener over a wide area?

  1. Fender Washer

  2. Flat Washer

  3. Lock Washer

  4. Spring Washer

The correct answer is: Fender Washer

A fender washer is designed specifically to distribute the load of a fastener over a larger area. This type of washer has a considerably larger outside diameter compared to a standard flat washer, which allows it to provide a broader surface area for load distribution. By doing this, fender washers help prevent the fastener from pulling through a softer material or compressing it excessively. In applications where the materials being joined are soft or where there is a risk of damage due to concentrated loads, using a fender washer is particularly advantageous. It minimizes material deformation and enhances the integrity of the assembly. While flat washers can also distribute load to some degree, their effectiveness is limited compared to that of fender washers, especially in scenarios requiring maximum surface coverage. Lock washers and spring washers serve different purposes, mainly focusing on preventing loosening due to vibration, rather than on load distribution.